Biology

1. A patient complains of excessive bleeding from gums, nose and wounds. His/ her blood test report indicates deficiency of a vitamin that promotes blood clotting. The doctor recommends the patient to eat leafy green vegetables such as spinach, broccoli and cabbage.

Based on the patient’s symptoms and doctor’s recommendation, the vitamin deficient in the patient is identified as

2. In contrast to electron microscope, the light microscope enables the user to observe the

3. The chemical reaction that requires extra-cellular enzymes is

4. The given graph shows the effects of different levels of factors on the rate of photosynthesis.
Based on the given graph, it can be inferred that the rate of photosynthesis

5. The given images show the comparison of healthy and diseased alveolar sacs (I and II) in humans.

The alveolar sacs I and II represent

6. Consider the following observations.

1. The temperature of a room increases by 5 °C.
2. Flowers in an orchard have round shaped petals.
3. The growth of fungus on a piece of bread indicates that it is stale.
4. The rate of reaction increases twice by increasing the enzyme concentration.

The CORRECT pair of qualitative observations is

7. The given table shows enzymes (A, B, C and D) and their site of action.

With reference to the site of action, which of the following enzymes is classified as extracellular enzyme?

8. The type of white blood cells that kills germs by producing antibodies is

9. The laboratory test of a blood sample reveals the presence of anti-B antibodies in the blood plasma.

This blood sample can be successfully transfused into a person having blood group

10. In villages, the application of organic fertilisers (manure) may cause contamination of drinking water bodies such as wells.

Use of water from these polluted wells can cause diseases in humans and animals because organic fertilisers

11. Sara wants to study the toxic effect of two different types of insecticides (M and N) on insects in stored grains. The given table shows the experimental set-up.

To complete the experimental set-up, Sara should design the control group by treating insects with

12. The given graph shows the optimum activity of two enzymes at different pH in the human digestive system.
The option that CORRECTLY identifies the parts of digestive system where enzymes (I and II) work is

13. The cells that transport organic nutrients from leaves to the other parts of a plant are

14. The property of enzymes shown in the given diagram of enzyme-catalysed reaction is

15. The given steps occur during breathing mechanism in the human respiratory system.

1. Size of chest cavity decreases
2. Pressure in the lungs decreases
3. The muscles of diaphragm relax
4. Ribs move upwards and outwards

The steps which take place during exhalation are

16. The given flow chart shows different processes involved in the energy transformation in plants.

Which of the following is CORRECT about the flow of energy at process I and II?

17. Which of the following characteristics of a cell determine its size and shape?

18. In the human respiratory system, all of the following structures facilitate the passage of air towards lungs EXCEPT

19. Which of the following physiological conditions can block the upper respiratory passages in the human respiratory system?

20. Consider the given images.

The image of diseased artery represents

21. The given diagram shows longitudinal section of the human heart.

Which of the following options is CORRECT about the concentration of carbon dioxide and blood pressure in the vessel labelled as Y?

22. In the human respiratory system, the function of epiglottis is to

23. The set of structures, which represent monocot plants, is

24. The acidic nature of chyme is changed to alkaline in order to

25. In the cell, Golgi apparatus lies near the endoplasmic reticulum because Golgi apparatus

26. ATP hydrolysis provides energy to transport the substances against their concentration gradient.

If ATP hydrolysis is inhibited, then which of the following will NOT be able to transport through the cell?

27. The given diagram represents different transport mechanisms across the plasma membrane.
In the given diagram, facilitated diffusion is represented as

28. The given graph shows one of the factors affecting rate of photosynthesis.

The option that CORRECTLY identifies the limiting factor(s) in the labelled parts I and II is

29. Consider the given chemical reaction of water breakdown.

H₂O → 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ + 1/2O₂

The electrons resulted in the given reaction are gained by

30. The option which shows the CORRECT classification of organisms according to the five kingdom classification system is

31. In the chloroplast of a plant cell, if thylakoid membrane is damaged, then this will directly affect the

32. Which of the following indicates the movement of larynx and state of trachea during the swallowing of food?

33. The part(s) of the human digestive system where both chemical and mechanical digestion of food take place is/ are

34. The given table shows the classification of four animals (W, X, Y and Z).

The animals that belong to the same family are

35. In contrast to multicellular organisms, unicellular organisms

36. The given images show the forelimbs of two different vertebrates.

In these forelimbs, the pattern of arrangement of bones indicates that these vertebrates

37. The given graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

With reference to factors affecting rate of photosynthesis, curve III is obtained by

38. In a human body, epithelial cells are located throughout the body and perform different functions based on their location.

The epithelial cells that have both absorptive and secretory properties are located in

39. In China, mulberry silkworms are used to produce silk at a large scale. This raw silk is distributed to various parts of the world and gives export worth of $315 million.

The given information MAINLY highlights the relationship of Biology with

40. Following are the parts of a growing plant.

1. Roots
2. Mature leaves
3. Tubers

In the middle of growing season, the part(s) which act(s) as source is/ are

1. Consider the given image.

The researcher in the given image can be identified as a

2. In contrast to multicellular organisms, unicellular organisms

3. Consider the following observations.

1. The temperature of a room increases by 5 °C.
2. Flowers in an orchard have round shaped petals.
3. The growth of fungus on a piece of bread indicates that it is stale.
4. The rate of reaction increases twice by increasing the enzyme concentration.

The CORRECT pair of qualitative observations is

4. The given graph shows the number of students having different blood groups in a class.

If three students with blood group A and four students with blood group B leave the class while two students with blood group O join the class, then which blood group students are present least in number?

5. The given table shows structural characteristics of an organism.

Based on the given characteristics, the organism could be placed in kingdom

6. Consider the given table.

According to the given classification, the animal which shares the MOST common characteristics with housefly is a

7. The set of structures, which represent monocot plants, is

8. In 2011, Western black rhinoceros were declared as critically endangered animals due to their over-hunting.

Which of the following conservation measures is the MOST effective in preventing the rhinoceros from extinction?

9. Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies the organelle shown in the diagram?

10. In the cell, Golgi apparatus lies near the endoplasmic reticulum because Golgi apparatus

11. Which of the following options exemplifies the process of exocytosis in a cell?

12. The specimens that can be observed under electron microscope are

1. a sample of epithelial layer
2. a culture of reproducing bacteria
3. a moving amoeba in a drop of water
4. a piece of tissue taken from mammary gland

13. The given table shows function of structures, P, Q and R in living things.

The option which CORRECTLY identifies the structures P, Q and R is

14. Jamal calculated the surface area to volume ratio of four different sizes of potato cubes (A, B, C and D) and he plotted the given graph to analyse the results.

With reference to the graph, the potato cube that has more efficient rate of diffusion is

15. Consider the given chemical reaction of water breakdown.

H₂O → 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ + 1/2O₂

The electrons resulted in the given reaction are gained by

16. Suppose ATP synthesis is stopped in an illuminated chloroplast. This may happen due to

17. When a molecule of adenosine diphosphate reacts with water, it gives

18. Consider the given word equations.

1. glucose → lactic acid + energy
2. glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
3. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
4. carbon dioxide + water + energy → glucose + oxygen

The option that shows the equation for anaerobic respiration in humans and in yeast is

19. The given graph shows one of the factors affecting rate of photosynthesis.

The option that CORRECTLY identifies the limiting factor(s) in the labelled parts I and II is

20. Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplast because the stroma contains

21. In the human respiratory system, the function of epiglottis is to

22. In the human respiratory system, the hypersecretion (increased production) of mucus causes development of respiratory diseases such as bronchitis.

All of the following factors cause over-production of mucus EXCEPT

23. The given images show the comparison of healthy and diseased alveolar sacs (I and II) in humans.

The alveolar sacs I and II represent

24. The given steps occur during breathing mechanism in the human respiratory system.

1. Size of chest cavity decreases
2. Pressure in the lungs decreases
3. The muscles of diaphragm relax
4. Ribs move upwards and outwards

The steps which take place during exhalation are

25. The chemical reaction that requires extra-cellular enzymes is

26. The given graph shows the oxygen consumption during and after exercise.

With reference to the given graph, the period of strenuous exercise would be from

27. The given diagram represents an enzyme-catalysed reaction.

With reference to lock and key model, the enzyme that can catalyse this reaction is

28. The given graph shows the effect of temperature on the enzyme activity.

The temperature range at which the substrate molecules will no longer fit into enzyme is

29. Which of the following indicates the movement of larynx and state of trachea during the swallowing of food?

30. In plants, the molecule that will be DIRECTLY affected by the deficiency of magnesium ions in soil is

31. What will happen if the human stomach is unable to secrete hydrochloric acid?

32. Following are diseases that are related to dietary habits.

• Heart diseases
• Constipation
• Inflammation of colon
• Irritated bowl syndrome

Which of the following diets is MOST likely to develop the given diseases?

33. Zaheer’s gut is unable to absorb mineral salts and water from the undigested food because of an abnormality in his

34. Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies the site of action of trypsin and pepsin in the alimentary canal of human?

35. The cells that transport organic nutrients from leaves to the other parts of a plant are

36. During the circulation of blood through atria and ventricles of human heart, atrioventricular valves close when blood pressure is

37. In plants, excessive transpiration causes

38. The blood vessel which carries deoxygenated blood from lower body parts to heart is

39. The given table shows blood reports of four individuals (A, B, C and D).

With reference to changes in the count of blood cells, the blood report of the individual that indicates the presence of a bacterial infection is.

40. The given diagram shows longitudinal section of the human heart.

Which of the following options is CORRECT about the concentration of carbon dioxide and blood pressure in the vessel labelled as Y?

1. Kidney is considered as a body organ because it is composed of

2. In China, mulberry silkworms are used to produce silk at a large scale. This raw silk is distributed to various parts of the world and gives export worth of $315 million.

The given information MAINLY highlights the relationship of Biology with

3. Which of the following is an example of quantitative observation?

4. In a science laboratory, four students were asked to write their observations about the plant in the given image.

The given table represents the statements of each student regarding the image. With reference to the steps of biological method of study, which of the following students’ statements will be categorised as ‘observation’?

5. The option which shows the CORRECT classification of organisms according to the five kingdom classification system is

6. Sana examined a specimen in the laboratory and made the following observations.

• It has three pairs of legs.
• It has a pair of eyes and antennae
• Its body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen.

Based on the given observations, the specimen is identified as

7. The given images show the forelimbs of two different vertebrates.

In these forelimbs, the pattern of arrangement of bones indicates that these vertebrates

8. The given table shows the classification of four animals (W, X, Y and Z).

The animals that belong to the same family are

9. In contrast to electron microscope, the light microscope enables the user to observe the

10. In a human body, epithelial cells are located throughout the body and perform different functions based on their location.

The epithelial cells that have both absorptive and secretory properties are located in

11. One of the parts of mitochondria that performs the following functions.

• It is the part where electron transport chain takes place.
• It greatly increases the surface area by forming cristae.

This part of mitochondria is identified as the

12. An experiment is conducted to determine the effect of tonicity of the solutions on red blood cells. Image II represents the condition of RBCs after keeping them in different concentration of solutions in beaker I, II and III for a particular time.

The option that CORRECTLY identifies the tonicity of the solutions in beaker I, II and III is

13. The given diagram represents the experimental set-up to determine the process of osmosis.

The diagram that CORRECTLY shows the molecular view of arm I and II of the tube is

14. Consider the given cubes as cells.

Which of the following graphs CORRECTLY represents the relationship between the side length of cells and their surface area to volume ratio?

15. In the body of human beings, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used to

16. The role of oxygen in cellular aerobic respiration is to

17. The given graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

With reference to factors affecting rate of photosynthesis, curve III is obtained by

18. Which of the following adaptations of leaves provide short distance for efficient diffusion of gases?

19. In the cells of human beings, the product(s) formed after complete oxidation of glucose along with ATP is/ are

20. All of the following are produced in light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis EXCEPT

21. In the human respiratory system, accumulation of mucus in trachea occurs due to the damage of

22. Which of the following is the CORRECT difference between respiration and photosynthesis?

23. In the human respiratory system, all of the following structures facilitate the passage of air towards lungs EXCEPT

24. The given table shows the concentration of different gases in inspired air of a healthy person.

The option that CORRECTLY identifies the percentage of the given gases in expired air of a healthy person is

25. The given diagram represents the deteriorated physiological condition of one of the human respiratory structures caused by chain smoking.

Based on the given diagram, the disease is identified as

26. In a laboratory, a group of students was investigating the action of amylase on starch solution keeping the pH neutral. They used iodine as a chemical indicator. One of the group members added a chemical that drastically decreased the pH of solution in the test tube.

Which of the following conditions will occur due to this drastic change in pH?

27. The given table shows enzymes (A, B, C and D) and their site of action.

With reference to the site of action, which of the following enzymes is classified as extracellular enzyme?

28. The property of enzymes shown in the given diagram of enzyme-catalysed reaction is

29. In villages, the application of organic fertilisers (manure) may cause contamination of drinking water bodies such as wells.

Use of water from these polluted wells can cause diseases in humans and animals because organic fertilisers

30. A patient complains of excessive bleeding from gums, nose and wounds. His/ her blood test report indicates deficiency of a vitamin that promotes blood clotting. The doctor recommends the patient to eat leafy green vegetables such as spinach, broccoli and cabbage.

Based on the patient’s symptoms and doctor’s recommendation, the vitamin deficient in the patient is identified as

31. In humans, one of the benefits of dietary fibre is that it helps to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases because dietary fibres.

32. The given diagram represents the process that facilitates the digestion of fats in the human body.

The structure where the given process takes place is

33. In human stomach, the factor that makes salivary amylase dysfunctional is the

34. The given diagram shows the circulatory route of absorbed materials in the small intestine and large intestine.

(Note: Arrows (→) show flow of blood)

The substances MAINLY present in blood vessels X and Y respectively are

35. Transpiration in plants creates a pulling force that MAINLY causes

36. The type of white blood cells that kills germs by producing antibodies is

37. Which of the following options indicates the blood group AB?

38. A blood clot is found in the pulmonary trunk of heart in a patient.

The presence of this clot in the pulmonary trunk will cause the blockage of blood circulation from

39. In contrast to the blood pressure in aorta, the blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries is lower because

40. The given diagram shows the longitudinal section of a human heart.

Which of the following options is CORRECT about the concentration of oxygen and blood pressure in the vessel labelled as X?

1. Asif wants to investigate the effect of different factors on the activity of salivary amylase. The most appropriate FIRST step for Asif to undertake is to

2. A scientist conducts an experiment to test the given hypothesis.

‘A species of a plant produces more fruits when exposed to blue wavelength of light at night.’

In the experimental group, the scientist exposes 20 plants to blue light at night.

What should the scientist do with the same number and species of plants used in the control group?

3. In the given table, different sizes of blocks represent nutrients. Which of the following nutrients will be efficiently absorbed by the villi?

4. The layers of flat and closely packed cells of stratified squamous epithelium are MAINLY significant to

5. Which of the following characteristics of a cell determine its size and shape?

6. Use the given key to answer the following question.

The diagram that CORRECTLY represents the movement of glucose molecules into red blood cells through the process of facilitated diffusion is

7. The given diagram shows the condition of human red blood cells when kept in sucrose solution.

(Note: The internal concentration of red blood cells is 0.9%.)

The concentration of sucrose solution in this situation would be

8. The given diagram represents a plant cell. The part of the cell which is composed of cellulose is labelled as

9. ATP hydrolysis provides energy to transport the substances against their concentration gradient.

If ATP hydrolysis is inhibited, then which of the following will NOT be able to transport through the cell?

10. Following are the structural features of three different organelles.

1. Its outer membrane is smooth, but the inner membrane forms many infoldings.
2. It is composed of nine triplets of microtubules.
3. It consist of a set of flattened sacs that are stacked over each other.

The option that CORRECTLY identifies organelles I, II and III is

11. In light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the number of water molecules that produces TWO oxygen molecules during photolysis is

12. The given flow chart shows different processes involved in the energy transformation in plants.

Which of the following is CORRECT about the flow of energy at process I and II?

13. Which of the following conditions causes the accumulation of ATP and NADPH in the stroma of an illuminated chloroplast?

14. In light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the source of electrons for NADPH is

15. The given graph shows the blood lactic acid concentration of an athlete before, during and after a race.

The sections of graph which show anaerobic respiration during the race are

16. The given graph illustrates the effect of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

The regions(s) at which the CO2 concentration do(es) NOT act as a limiting factor is/ are

17. The given bar graph shows the average number of chloroplasts in three different types of leaf cells, I, II and III.

Based on the average number of chloroplasts, the option that identifies leaf cells I, II and III is

18. If the inner membrane of chloroplast is damaged in a newly developed cell, then the structure(s) which will be immediately affected due to this damage is/ are

19. The given table shows the composition of inspired and expired air in humans.

The percentage of N2 in expired air is

20. In the human respiratory system, the structure X warms and filter the inspired air, whereas, the structure Y is associated with the gaseous exchange.

The option which CORRECTLY identifies the structure X and Y is

21. Which of the following physiological conditions can block the upper respiratory passages in the human respiratory system?

22. Given are some of the features of an organ involved in the breathing mechanism of humans.

• It is located below lungs.
• It is composed of skeletal muscles.
• It contracts and relax while breathing.

Based on the given features, this organ is identified as

23. The option which CORRECTLY identifies the component of a secretion which neutralises the acidic chyme in duodenum and the source of this secretion is

24. A nutritionist recommends a male adult to consume liver, beans and red meat regularly in his diet to overcome the following symptoms.

• Pale skin
• Shortness of breath
• Tiredness and lethargy

With reference to the given information, the adult person’s body has a deficiency of

25. Which of the following characteristics of the human digestive system provides protection against pathogens?

26. The acidic nature of chyme is changed to alkaline in order to

27. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the chemical digestion in the human alimentary canal?

28. The given diagram represents the longitudinal section of a human villus.

Blood from the vessel X enters into the

29. Which of the following options is CORRECT about the movement of the soft palate and the larynx during swallowing?

30. All of the following minerals are examples of macronutrients required for plants EXCEPT

31. In the human digestive system, X is a chemical secretion that contains enzyme which digests fats.

The option which CORRECTLY identifies X, the enzyme it contains and the site of action for the enzyme is

32. The laboratory test of a blood sample reveals the presence of anti-B antibodies in the blood plasma.

This blood sample can be successfully transfused into a person having blood group

33. In the human blood, the antigens for Rh factor are present

34. The normal pulse rate for a healthy adult, in a resting condition, ranges from

35. During blood circulation through atria and ventricles, valves open or close. The opening or closing of valves is MAINLY due to the

36. The given events occur during the circulation of blood through atria and ventricles of the heart.

1. Blood is pushed into the aorta.
2. Aortic semilunar valves are opened.
3. Pulmonary semilunar valves are closed.
4. Atrioventricular valves are pushed open.

Which of these given events occur when the left atrium contracts?

37. Given is the pathway of blood in the circulatory system of the human body.

The given pathway shows the circulation of

38. Consider the given images.

The image of diseased artery represents

39. The cells that transport organic nutrients from leaves to the other parts of a plant are

40. Which of the following options is CORRECT about thrombocytes?

1. Sara wants to study the toxic effect of two different types of insecticides (M and N) on insects in stored grains. The given table shows the experimental set-up.

To complete the experimental set-up, Sara should design the control group by treating insects with

2. The given graph shows the number of students having different blood groups in a class.
If three students with blood group A and four students with blood group B leave the class while two students with blood group O join the class, then which blood group students are present least in number?

3. The diagram below shows a plant cell when placed in an isotonic solution.
If the same cell is placed in a hypertonic solution for two hours, then the state of the plant cell
is diagrammatically represented as is

4. The cell organelle which forms a network of interconnecting canals and continues with the nuclear envelope is identified as the

5. In the cell, Golgi apparatus lies near the endoplasmic reticulum because Golgi apparatus

6. The diagram that represents phloem vessels in plants is

7. The organelle which is ABSENT in the root hair cell is

8. The given diagram represents different transport mechanisms across the plasma membrane.
In the given diagram, facilitated diffusion is represented as

9. The option that is CORRECT about the number and function of vacuole in an animal cell is

10. In the mitochondria of a cell, the presence of inner membrane with large surface area is significant for the

11. In the chloroplast of a plant cell, if thylakoid membrane is damaged, then this will directly affect the

12. During a strenuous exercise, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) helps in the

13. Dark reactions of photosynthesis involve the

14. During photosynthesis, oxygen gas is released by the splitting of

15. In the absence of Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, the plant will be unable to

16. In anaerobic respiration, the total net yield of ATP molecules after the oxidation of a glucose molecule is

17. The given graph shows the effects of different levels of factors on the rate of photosynthesis.
Based on the given graph, it can be inferred that the rate of photosynthesis

18. The given diagram shows some events of anaerobic respiration.
Which process and by-product formation occurs at X and Y, respectively?

19. In the human respiratory system, gaseous exchange takes place between the

20. The respiratory disorder in which bronchioles become inflamed and narrow is

21. In the human respiratory system, the function of epiglottis is to

22. Which of the following is CORRECT about the change in the pressure and volume of thoracic cavity during exhalation?

23. Phosphorus is classified as a macronutrient for plants because it is

24. Phytonadione is a medicine that is prescribed to patients with blood clotting problems.
The vitamin which plays a similar function to phytonadione is

25. Sarosh eats a slice of white bread with butter and grilled beef in her breakfast.
The nutrient which is present in LEAST amount in her breakfast is

26. The part of the human digestive system where the digestion of proteins begin is

27. The CORRECT pathway for the food bolus to enter stomach is

28. The given graph shows the optimum activity of two enzymes at different pH in the human digestive system.
The option that CORRECTLY identifies the parts of digestive system where enzymes (I and II) work is

29. The part(s) of the human digestive system where both chemical and mechanical digestion of food take place is/ are

30. The given diagram represents the pathway of blood flow from the small intestine to the vena cava.
The option that is CORRECT about vessel Y is

31. The given diagram illustrates a process that occurs in the digestive system of human beings. This process is called

32. The given diagram represents cross section through a young non-woody dicot stem. In this diagram, the vascular bundle is labelled as

33. In an experiment a thin layer of petroleum jelly (Vaseline) is used to cover the underside of leaves.
How does this application affect the plant’s physiology?

34. Following are the parts of a growing plant.

1. Roots
2. Mature leaves
3. Tubers

In the middle of growing season, the part(s) which act(s) as source is/ are

35. Diagram I represents a plant in wilted state, while diagram II represents the same plant in the normal state.

Which of the following conditions are required for the plant shown in diagram I to regain the state shown in diagram II?

36. The given flow chart shows the pathway of blood through heart and lungs.

The part of heart which has the thickest walls and the highest internal pressure is labelled as

37. Consider the given characteristics of a blood vessel.

The blood vessel identified is

38. In the human circulatory system, the blood vessel which has the highest blood pressure is the

39. The given diagram represents the regulation of blood flow in a vein.

What would be the condition of valves X and Y when the adjacent skeletal muscles are contracted and the flow of blood is towards the heart?

40. The given diagram represents the human heart.

Which of these labelled valves are CORRECTLY aligned with their function?