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1. Based on the pattern of attachment of flagella, amphitrichous bacterium is identified as
2. The given diagram shows the secondary mycelium of a basidiomycete.
In the life cycle of basidiomycete, this mycelium is formed when
3. Green algae and fungal species of ascomycetes forms a mutualistic association with each other.
This type of association is identified as
4. The given diagram represents a type of body symmetry.
Which of the following animals has this type of body symmetry as shown in the given diagram?
5. In kingdom animalia, the beginning of cephalisation is evident in phylum
6. Carbon is involved in the synthesis of various complicated cellular structures because of its ability to make
7. The example of an animal which has a complete digestive system is
8. Consider the given diagrams X and Y.
Based on the information provided, conditions X and Y are identified as
9. An animal in which food is completely digested in the gut is
10. Sphenopsida are also called as arthrophytes because their plant body
11. A polypeptide chain contains 120 amino acids.
The number of DNA nucleotides that would be required to code for this polypeptide chain are
12. The disease that is caused by a microbe belonging to class apicomplexa is
13. Consider the given diagram.
The condition shown in the case of gastroesophageal reflux causes
14. The linkage that is broken by the enzyme amylase is
15. Which of the following features is related to thermophilic bacteria?
16. In earthworm excretion takes place through
17. Oxygen is required in aerobic respiration for
18. Reptiles become successful terrestrial vertebrates, MAINLY, due to the evolution of
19. Consider the given metabolic reactions I and II.
In the metabolic reaction II, product is NOT formed because malonate acts as a/ an
20. An example of a monocot leaf is
21. The graph which illustrates the relation between wind speed and the rate of transpiration is
22. The type of locomotion shown by bacteria towards carbon and energy sources is
23. The given diagram shows three plant cells arranged side by side.
The movement of water molecules from cell 1 to cell 3 would discontinue in case of
24. The pathway(s) through which water in root hair cells move to xylem cells in plants is/ are
25. In contrast to coenzymes, prosthetic groups are
26. In moss plant, the parts that constitute the gametophyte are located inside the
27. The option that depicts the pathway of nerve impulse during the excitation and the contraction of human heart is
(Note: SA stands for SinoAtrial and AV stands for AtrioVentricular.)
28. In humans, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is caused by
29. During ventricular systole in a cardiac cycle, the option that shows the change in pressure and the state of atrioventricular and aortic valves is
30. In the given Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) of cellular respiration, the step where ATP is produced is labelled as
31. In ascomycetes, a round or oval fruiting body without any external opening which encloses the asci is identified as
32. In the process of centrifugation, the cell extract is subjected to centrifugal force which causes the separation of extract into two fractions: a pellet and a supernatant.
The option that identifies the materials in the pellet and supernatant is
33. Protists are considered as a paraphyletic group because they probably originated from
34. Given is the sequence of events that lead to the opening of stomata in plants during day light.
accumulation of substances X and Y in the guard cells → increased solute concentration in the guard cells → water potential of the guard cells Z → endosmosis of water in the guard cells → increased turgidity of the guard cells → stomata opens
The letters X, Y and Z represent
35. The given graphs show the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity.
Which of the given statements CORRECTLY matches the point on the graphs with the description of enzyme activity?
36. Following are the characteristics of one of the types of polysaccharides.
Based on the given characteristics, this polysaccharide is
37. In the human digestive system, chyme that enters the duodenum, is a mixture of partially digested food and
38. In cockroach, the site for gaseous exchange is
39. The growing point of the new sporophyte in the shown fern prothallus is labelled as
40. All of the following are the characteristics of bryophytes EXCEPT that they have
41. An example of a free-living, non-parasitic flat worm is
42. When blood pressure is the highest in the aorta, the atrioventricular and semilunar valves would
43. During atrial systole in the cardiac cycle of humans, the state of ventricles, atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves is
44. Which of the following options is CORRECT about chromoplast?
45. In the chest X-ray of a patient, cavities in the lungs was observed due to a chronic bacterial infection.
On the basis of this observation, the disease is diagnosed as
46. The given graph shows the effect of substrate concentration, with and without inhibitor, on the rate of enzyme-catalysed reaction.
The inhibitor X is identified as
47. Following are the characteristics of a blood disorder.
The blood disorder identified is
48. The given diagram shows the process of conjugation in bacteria.
The option that CORRECTLY identifies the labelled structure X, cells Y and Z is
49. The fungus that possesses non-septate and multinucleate hyphae
50. The significance of heterospory in plants is that it
Your score is
Paper I 2024
1. Consider the given research question.
‘How do pollutants impact the ecological functioning and sustainability of a pond?’
In addition to ecology, this research question encompasses the field of
2. Which of the following shows the CORRECT order of biological levels of organisation from complex to simple?
3. Following are the characteristics of one of the types of polysaccharides.
4. The diagram shows the structure of a primary protein.
Which of the following options indicates peptide linkage (bond) in the given diagram?
5. In unsaturated lipid molecules, carbon-carbon double bonds are found
6. The linkage that is broken by the enzyme amylase is
7. The DNA analysis of a fruit fly shows that 22% of nitrogenous bases are thymine.
The percentage of guanine bases in this DNA would be
8. The graph shows the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction at increasing substrate concentrations.
At which of the following point(s) do all active sites of the enzyme seem occupied?
9. The given diagram shows an enzyme-controlled metabolic pathway.
If enzyme II is inhibited at point X, then the graph that predicts the resulting concentrations of compounds Q and R is
10. The given equation shows a chemical reaction in a human gut.
The identification of enzyme and role of Cl─ in this reaction is
11. The given diagram shows molecules involved in an enzyme-controlled reaction.
The CORRECT identification of X, Y and Z is
12. The cis face of the Golgi apparatus receives materials from the endoplasmic reticulum through transport vesicles; therefore, it is located nearest to the
13. Which of the following options is CORRECT about chromoplast?
14. The cell organelle that contains all the necessary enzymes to catalyse the formation of polypeptides by amino acids is
15. In the process of centrifugation, the cell extract is subjected to centrifugal force which causes the separation of extract into two fractions: a pellet and a supernatant.
16. The given diagram represents body tissue organisation of a
17. The invertebrate which has a closed circulatory system is
18. An example of a free-living, non-parasitic flat worm is
19. Which of the following inhabitants of oceans is considered as the “rain forest of oceans”?
20. Prions are infectious proteins known to cause
21. Given is the classification of human and chimpanzee.
The taxonomic categories in which humans and chimpanzee differ are
22. Based on the pattern of attachment of flagella, amphitrichous bacterium is identified as
23. The given diagram shows a phenomenon in bacteria.
The given phenomenon is identified as
24. Different methods of sterilisation are used to kill microorganisms
The method which kills the microorganisms by disrupting their DNA is
25. The shells of foraminiferans contain pores through which cytoplasmic projections are extended.
These cytoplasmic projections help foraminiferans to
26. Protists are considered as a paraphyletic group because they probably originated from
27. Deuteromycetes differ from other types of fungi based on the
28. The option that identifies the stored form of food in fungi and plants is
29. The fungus that possesses non-septate and multinucleate hyphae
30. The structure of a plant that characterises a monocot plant is
31. The FIRST group of plants that formed true leaves and roots was
32. In moss plant, the parts that constitute the gametophyte are located inside the
33. The advanced characteristics of the sporophyte of hornworts (anthocerotae) that enable them to thrive better on land are the presence of
34. The cells of the embryo sac of an apple plant include
35. During photorespiration, ribulose biphosphate carboxylase combines with oxygen gas which results in lowering the overall rate of
36. The equation that summarises the conversion of glucose into lactic acid during anaerobic respiration is
37. In light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the cyclic electron transport yields only
38. In the given Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) of cellular respiration, the step where ATP is produced is labelled as
39. In the human digestive system, chyme that enters the duodenum, is a mixture of partially digested food and
40. The animal which has a gut with single opening is
41. The pathway by which lipoproteins (products of lipid digestion) are absorbed from the intestinal villi into the blood is
42. Consider the given diagram.
43. In the human respiratory tract, temperature and humidity of the inhaled air increases in the
44. During breathing in humans, the contraction of external intercostal muscles causes
45. The capacity of oxyhaemoglobin to release oxygen at tissue level is MAINLY dependent on
46. The heart of a fish acts as ‘single circuit’ where the blood from gills flows to
47. The set of factors which causes the SLOWEST rate of transpiration in terrestrial plants is
48. In the human body, the lymphoid masses that produce lymphocytes are
49. Consider the given diagrams X and Y.
50. During an epidemic, an immunisation programme is organised to provide immediate protection to the vulnerable people.
The type of immunity provided to these people would be
Paper I 2023
1. A group of zoologists discovered the presence of a new species of octopus in the Pacific Ocean.
This case is related to the study of
2. The method of treatment of disease in which bone marrow cells are used is
3. The given diagram shows the structure of a protein.
In the labelled region X, the type of secondary structure and the type of bond that stabilises the secondary structure is
4. The polysaccharide that contains nitrogen is
5. A polypeptide chain contains 120 amino acids.
6. The biological process which uses the property of latent heat of vapourisation of water is
7. Carbon is involved in the synthesis of various complicated cellular structures because of its ability to make
8. The given table shows the percentage of product formation in an enzyme-catalysed reaction at different temperatures.
The optimum temperature for the enzyme to form the product would be
9. The given graph shows the effect of substrate concentration, with and without inhibitor, on the rate of enzyme-catalysed reaction.
10. The given graph shows the comparison of activation energy in hydrolysis of sucrose with and without an enzyme.
The labelled point on the graph which indicates the unstable condition of sucrose molecule in the enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis is
11. RNA polymerase synthesises new bonds between RNA nucleotides during transcription.
Based on the given function, the class of enzymes to which RNA polymerase belongs is
12. Cisternae of Golgi apparatus are formed by the fusion of vesicles. These vesicles are bud-off from the
13. A researcher wants to know the effect of magnesium ions on the function of cell organelles. He/ She grows some eukaryotic cells in a medium which lacks magnesium ions.
Which of the following functions will be interrupted in these cells?
14. Which of the following functions are performed by peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?
15. In a eukaryotic cell, all of the following are the functions of centrioles EXCEPT that they
16. In contrast to triploblastic animals, diploblastic animals have
17. The feature of bristle worms (Polychaetes) that makes them different from other classes of phylum annelida is that bristle worms
18. The body cells of sponges that secrete materials for the formation of skeletal spicules are
19. In earthworm excretion takes place through
20. The given diagram shows different stages of lysogenic cycle of a temperate bacteriophage.
The stage(s) where induction has occurred is/ are
21. In humans, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is caused by
22. The given diagram shows the process of conjugation in bacteria.
23. Which of the following features is related to thermophilic bacteria?
24. Based on the modes of nutrition, bacteria that serve the role of decomposers in the environment are categorised as
25. Seaweeds is the common name used for
26. Protists that form a monophyletic lineage with plants are
27. The given diagram shows the secondary mycelium of a basidiomycete.
28. The oyster mushroom penetrates the nematodes, absorbs their nutrients and result in death of nematodes.
This type of feeding relationship in fungi is an example of
29. Green algae and fungal species of ascomycetes forms a mutualistic association with each other.
30. One of the changes that would occur in an ovary of flowering plants after double fertilisation is that the
31. The given diagram shows the life cycle of a plant.
The feature in the given life cycle due to which this plant is classified as a tracheophyte is the presence of
32. In liverworts, asexual reproduction takes place by
33. In club mosses (lycopsida), microphylls are evolved from
34. In the given diagram of hornwort, antheridia and archegonia are found embedded in the labelled part
35. In the chloroplast of plant cells, large number of antennae pigment molecules in the photosystem embedded in the thylakoid membrane, allows the
36. In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, non-cyclic and cyclic flow of electrons takes place.
The cyclic flow of electrons is named so because after the production of
37. Consider the given reaction which occurs in the leaves of C4 plants.
The tissue of leaves in which this reaction occurs is
38. The given diagram summarises the reactions of anaerobic respiration.
Based on the given summary, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules would have been released during the
39. In the digestive system of cockroach, the function of gizzard is to
40. All of the following are the constituents of human saliva EXCEPT
41. Venus flytrap is an insectivorous plant in which the organ specialised to trap insects is
42. The structure that does NOT contribute to the large surface area of the ileum is the presence of
43. The given diagram shows the difference between the countercurrent and concurrent exchange system in fish.
With reference to the given diagram, the option that depicts the CORRECT difference between these two systems is that it
44. In the chest X-ray of a patient, cavities in the lungs was observed due to a chronic bacterial infection.
45. What happens to the muscles of diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles during exhalation in humans?
46. During atrial systole in the cardiac cycle of humans, the state of ventricles, atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves is
47. The given diagram shows the water potentials of a plant cell and the solution in which it was immersed for 10 minutes.
The option that shows the net movement of water, water potential of cell and effect of solution on cell is
48. The given graph shows the level of antibody in blood serum after vaccination and an exposure to the same antigen a few days later.
The antibody concentration is higher in secondary immune response because at this point, the
49. If a plant cell with a solute potential of −0.65 kPa is placed in a solution having water potential of −3.65 kPa, then its pressure potential will be
50. An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel within the human body is termed as
Paper I 2022
1. Which of the following statements about the lock and key model is INCORRECT?
2. The graph shows the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
3. Consider the given enzyme-catalysed pathway regulated by feedback inhibition mechanism.
Which of the following statements is FALSE about this pathway?
4. The enzymes which catalyse the non-hydrolytic removal of a chemical group from a substrate are
5. Spiral and determinate cleavage is found in the embryo of
6. Given are some of the invertebrates.
Asexual reproduction by budding is found in
7. In kingdom animalia, the beginning of cephalisation is evident in phylum
8. The following diagrams show representative members of two classes of molluscs.
9. The class of phylum arthropoda that lacks antennae and true jaws is
10. In molluscs, closed circulatory system is found in the class(es)
11. Reptiles become successful terrestrial vertebrates, MAINLY, due to the evolution of
12. The feature of birds which is NOT considered as a flight adaptation is that their
13. In the given diagram of a bacterial cell, respiratory enzymes are associated with the labelled part
14. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the obligate anaerobic bacteria?
15. The disease that is caused by a microbe belonging to class apicomplexa is
16. Photosynthetic protists with shells, composed of two halves, that fit together like a petri dish are
17. The feature which is similar in both phylums, ascomycota and basidiomycota, of kingdom fungi is the
18. In ascomycetes, a round or oval fruiting body without any external opening which encloses the asci is identified as
19. The given diagram shows the life cycle of a zygomycete.
20. A group of horticulturists observed that orchids do not show better growth unless an appropriate fungus lives close to their roots.
The given association between orchids and fungus is identified as
21. All of the following are the characteristics of bryophytes EXCEPT that they have
22. The growing point of the new sporophyte in the shown fern prothallus is labelled as
23. Sphenopsida are also called as arthrophytes because their plant body
24. In the female gametophyte of an angiosperm, the ploidy of synergids, antipodal cells and central cell is
25. Potatoes and tomatoes are economically important members of the family
26. The option that CORRECTLY represents the characteristics of the sporophyte and gametophyte generations of a gymnosperm is
27. In a light dependent reaction, the ultimate fate of electron (e⁻) produced as a result of photolysis is the
(Note: NADP stands for Nicotine Amide Dinucleotide Phosphate; NADPH is the reduced form)
28. Consider the given molecules.
In the process of photosynthesis, these molecules are used as inputs in the
29. Which of the following pathways shows carbon fixation in CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plants?
30. In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid converts into lactic acid by accepting electrons from
31. Given is the first step of Krebs cycle.
Acetyl Co-A + Oxaloacetate → X
The product X is
32. Insectivorous plants are autotrophs which grow in the soil that is deficient in
33. In humans, the large intestine is lined with mucus to
34. The given flowchart shows the working of a gastrointestinal hormone.
Hormone X is identified as
35. In a human body, all of the following secretions contain enzymes for the digestion of dietary polysaccharides and disaccharides EXCEPT
36. The MAIN cause of peptic ulcer in humans is
37. One of the characteristics of lenticels in woody plants is that they
38. In plants, the option that shows the range of environmental temperature and CO₂ to O₂ ratio which favours photorespiration is
39. Frogs use positive pressure breathing mechanism for ventilation by
40. In cockroach, the site for gaseous exchange is
41. What would be the site of the given reaction if it proceeds from right to left?
CO₂ + H₂0 ↔ H₂CO₃ ↔ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻
42. During the chest examination of a patient by a stethoscope, the doctor observed some bubbling sounds that indicate the presence of fluid in the alveoli.
The possible respiratory disease diagnosed by the doctor will be
43. A plant cell has a water potential of −10 MPa and pressure potential of 2 MPa.
(Note: MPa stands for Mega Pascals.)
The solute potential of this cell will be
44. The pathway(s) through which water in root hair cells move to xylem cells in plants is/ are
45. Given is the sequence of events that lead to the opening of stomata in plants during day light.
46. The graph which illustrates the relation between wind speed and the rate of transpiration is
47. The given diagram shows different types of blood vessels involved in the blood circulation in the human body.
The blood vessel with the LOWEST rate of blood flow is
48. Following are the characteristics of a blood disorder.
49. The option that depicts the pathway of nerve impulse during the excitation and the contraction of human heart is
50. During ventricular systole in a cardiac cycle, the option that shows the change in pressure and the state of atrioventricular and aortic valves is
Paper I 2021
1. The given graphs show the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity.
2. The MAIN purpose of feedback inhibition in a metabolic pathway is to
3. In contrast to coenzymes, prosthetic groups are
4. Consider the given metabolic reactions I and II.
5. The option that CORRECTLY identifies the class, type of coelom and organisation of germinal layers in leech is
6. The characteristic of prototherians that provides an evidence of evolution of mammals from reptiles is that they have
7. The given diagram represents a type of body symmetry.
8. The CORRECT feature of ostium and osculum in the body of sponges is
9. The example of an animal which has a complete digestive system is
10. In contrast to amphibians, reptiles
11. In the classification of kingdom animalia, poriferans are included in subkingdom parazoa because they
12. The option that CORRECTLY identifies the type of endoskeleton and existence of jaws in a lamprey fish is
13. The type of locomotion shown by bacteria towards carbon and energy sources is
14. Escherichia coli is a facultative anaerobic bacterium because it can
15. The pathogenic protozoan species that belongs to class apicomplexa is
16. In contrast to plants and animals, protists do NOT
17. Given are some of the groups of protozoa.
Pseudopodial mode of locomotion is found in group(s)
18. The presence of lichen in an area indicates the
19. The given sexual reproductive structure of fungi belongs to phylum
20. The option that CORRECTLY matches the fungal hypha and zygote with its respective ploidy is
21. In the given diagrammatic life cycle of moss plant, the stage at which meiosis occurs is
22. The role of the endosperm tissue of seeds is to
23. An example of a monocot leaf is
24. The significance of heterospory in plants is that it
25. In spermatophytes (seeded plants), the ploidy of embryo and the generation in which the embryo is produced is
26. The given diagram shows a Marchantia thallus (liverwort).
The function of structure X is to
27. In cellular respiration, the reaction that does NOT occur during the formation of acetyl CoA is
28. Photosynthesis in C3 plants is reduced in the presence of excessive
29. Oxygen is required in aerobic respiration for
30. The given diagram shows a photosystem found in thylakoid membranes.
The CORRECT description of structure X is that it
31. The given diagram shows some of the reactions that occur in the preparatory phase of glycolysis.
The conversion that takes place at step 1 and 3 is
32. An animal in which food is completely digested in the gut is
33. In the gastric glands of the human digestive system, the secretion of parietal cell and zymogen cell respectively is
34. In the human digestive system, the stomach empties chyme into the duodenum when the
35. An example of endoparasite in animals is
36. The organs of the human digestive system other than the small intestine, that secrete protein-digesting enzymes are
37. The graph that CORRECTLY interprets the counter current flow with respect to oxygen concentration as water flows across the gill lamellae of fish is
38. The given diagram shows a type of epithelium.
The parts of respiratory system lined by the given type of epithelium are
39. The factor(s) that could cause emphysema in humans is/are
40. The type of respiration which does NOT involve blood is the
41. The given diagram shows air sacs and associated blood vessels in the human lung.
The concentration of carbon dioxide is the highest in the part labelled as
42. The given graph shows the haemoglobin saturation curve.
The relative oxygen concentration in body tissues and lungs as presented in the graph is
43. The given diagram shows three plant cells arranged side by side.
44. The large arteries close to the heart have a thick elastic layer in their walls to
45. The rate of blood flow is the slowest in capillaries than other blood vessels because the
46. A person has ventricular septal defect-a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.
What kind of problems will this person encounter?
47. When blood pressure is the highest in the aorta, the atrioventricular and semilunar valves would
48. The blood pressure of a person is 170/105 mm Hg.
Which of the following is the BEST interpretation of this reading?
49. The reason for an increase in the number of white blood cells in people with leukaemia is that more
50. An individual bitten by a rabid dog can be treated by an injection of human rabies antibodies.
The type of immunity provided by this treatment is